Spousal Support or Alimony in New Jersey
Spousal Support (also known as Alimony) is one of the most difficult issues for many divorcing couples to resolve. People who have no trouble putting their children’s interests ahead of their own while developing a parenting plan or reasonably dividing marital assets during equitable distribution can often hit a real roadblock when trying to agree on spousal support. Here in New Jersey, the law allows for four different types of spousal support or alimony:
- Permanent Spousal Support or Alimony
Despite what the name seems to imply, permanent spousal support or alimony is not usually permanent. It is intended to continue indefinitely until some major change of circumstance. This type of spousal support is usually ended or modified when the incomes of one or both of the parties changes significantly. Permanent spousal support or alimony is awarded only in longer-term marriages where there is little if any chance that a spouse would ever be able to maintain the standard of living of the marriage. There is no set number of years, but spousal support of this type is generally awarded in marriages of more than 11 to 15 years.
The typical permanent spousal support or alimony case is one where one spouse has been a full time parent and homemaker for many years. This parent may have past work experience and even a college or postgraduate education but in the years that the spouse has been at home, the other spouse has built a career, a wage earning capacity and a standard of living that the homemaking spouse could not likely reach. Another typical case for permanent spousal support or alimony in New Jersey is one in which the parties have both worked outside the home, but one has a substantially greater income.
- Limited Duration Spousal Support or Alimony
This is spousal support that is to be paid for a certain period of time. It is appropriate in shorter-term marriages and in marriages where there is a reasonable probability that the spouse being paid the spousal support will become self sufficient to the extent of being able to maintain the standard of living of the marriage. This type of spousal support is often modifiable in amount during the term, but the term itself is usually not modifiable. - Rehabilitative Spousal Support or Alimony
Like limited duration spousal support, rehabilitative spousal support is only intended to be paid for a period of time, but the duration is tied to a specific plan for the payee spouse to become financially self-sufficient. A plan for a spouse to go back to school to get a high school, college or post graduate degree would qualify a spouse for rehabilitative spousal support. Vocational training, technical training or starting a business would come under this concept. The idea is to pay spousal support to a spouse who cannot maintain the standard of living of the marriage while he or she is preparing to become self-sufficient. This kind of spousal support often takes into account the costs of the education or training program and the inability of the spouse to work or work full time while going to school. It can be combined with permanent or limited duration spousal support. - Reimbursement Spousal Support or Alimony
This type of spousal support may be awarded when one party supported the other through an advanced education, anticipating participation in the fruits of the earning capacity generated by that education. Reimbursement spousal support might be appropriate where one spouse worked to support the other through law, medical or business school. NJ law recognizes that both spouses worked and contributed to the advanced degree and are entitled to benefit from it.
Further complicating matters is that unlike Child Support, there is no real formula to calculate spousal support or alimony. In its place, the State of New Jersey offers these Spousal Support / Alimony “Statutory Factors” which the courts consider when calculating support awards. No mention of how the amounts are calculated are presented in the statutory factors.
As every family’s circumstances are unique, it is always best to consult with a mediator who can help you and your spouse understand the principles behind spousal support or alimony in detail and determine what an appropriate amount of spousal support would be. With that in mind, please note this document is intended to give a general overview of the subject matter and not to provide any specific legal advice.
Should you have any specific questions regarding NJ spousal support or alimony in your particular situation, please contact us to set up a consultation for you and your spouse either via telephone or in one of our many convenient Northern or Central New Jersey locations where we will discuss the specifics of your case and help you understand the potential options and solutions that lie ahead for each of you with regard to alimony.
